Chapter 3 Test 4

Elizabeth I was the younger daughter of Henry VIII.

The First World War ended at 11.00 am on 11th November 1918 with victory for Britain and its allies.

The structure of the DNA molecule was discovered in 1953 through work at British universities in London and Cambridge. This discovery contributed to many scientific advances, particularly in medicine and fighting crime. Francis Crick (1916-2004), one of those awarded the Nobel Prize for this discovery, was British.

Around 4,000 years ago, people learned to make bronze. We call this period the Bronze Age.

One of the tribal leaders who fought against the Romans was Boudicca, the queen of the Iceni in what is now eastern England.

After his victory in the Wars of the Roses, Henry VII wanted to make sure that England remained peaceful and that his position as king was secure. He deliberately strengthened the central administration of England and reduced the power of the nobles.

In May 2010, and for the first time in the UK since February 1974, no political party won an overall majority in the General Election. The Conservative and Liberal Democrat parties formed a coalition and the leader of the Conservative Party, David Cameron, became Prime Minister.

‘Mary, Queen of Scots’ was Elizabeth I’s cousin.

The Middle Ages (or the medieval period) was a time of almost constant war.

NATO stands for The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation.

The people of the Bronze Age were accomplished metalworkers who made many beautiful objects in bronze and gold, including tools, ornaments and weapons.

‘D-Day’ refers to the 6th of June 1944, when allied forces landed in Normandy aiming to attack Hitler’s forces in Western Europe during World War II.

Margaret Thatcher, Britain’s first woman Prime Minister, led the Conservative government from 1979 to 1990.

The Romans remained in Britain for 400 years. They built roads and public buildings, created a structure of law, and introduced new plants and animals.

The laws passed after the Glorious Revolution are the beginning of what is called ‘constitutional monarchy’.

A Turing machine is a theoretical mathematical device invented by Alan Turing (1912-54), a British mathematician, in the 1930s.

In the Middle Ages, the numbers attending Parliament increased and two separate parts, known as Houses were established. These were the House of the Commons on the House of the Lords.

In 1837, Queen Victoria became queen of the UK at the age of 18. She reigned until 1901, almost 64 years.

Admiral Nelson’s ship was known as the HMS Victory.

Sir Ian Wilmot and Keith Campbell led a team which was the first to succeed in cloning a mammal, Dolly the sheep.

Sir Francis Drake was one of the commanders in the defeat of the Spanish Armada and one of the founders of England’s naval tradition.

The inventor of the World Wide Web, Sir Tim Berners-Lee (1955-), is British. Information was successfully transferred via the web for the first time on 25 December 1990.

In 1455, a civil war was begun to decide who should be king of England. It was fought between the supporters of two families: the House of Lancaster and the House of York. This war was called the Wars of the Roses, because the symbol of Lancaster was a red rose and the symbol of York was a white rose.

At first the UK did not wish to join the EEC but it eventually did so in 1973.