Chapter 3 Test 6

The first man to be called this was Sir Robert Walpole, who was Prime Minister from 1721 to 1742.

Known in Scotland as ‘The Bard’, Robert Burns was a Scottish poet.

To divorce his first wife, Henry VIII needed the approval of the Pope. When the Pope refused, Henry established the Church of England. In this new church, the king, not the Pope, would have the power to appoint bishops and order how people should worship.

During the 18th century, new ideas about politics, philosophy and science were developed. This is often called ‘the Enlightenment’.

The Magna Carta (which means the Great Charter). The Magna Carta established the idea that even the king was subject to the law. It protected the rights of the nobility and restricted the king’s power to collect taxes or to make and change laws.

The Wars of the Roses ended with the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485.

The UK is a full member of the European Union but does not use the Euro currency.

John Major was Prime Minister after Mrs Thatcher, and helped establish the Northern Ireland peace process.

In 1815, the French Wars ended with the defeat of the Emperor Napoleon by the Duke of Wellington at the Battle of Waterloo.

The symbol of the House of Tudor was a red rose with a white rose inside it as a sign that the Houses of York and Lancaster were now allies.

There is also an official Welsh flag, which shows a Welsh dragon. The Welsh dragon does not appear on the Union Flag because, when the first Union Flag was created in 1606 from the flags of Scotland and England, the Principality of Wales was already untied with England.

During the 18th century, new ideas about politics, philosophy and science were developed. This is often called ‘the Enlightenment’. Many of the great thinkers of the Enlightenment were Scottish. Adam Smith developed ideas about economics which are still referred to today.

In the 1960s, James Goodfellow (1937-) invented the cash-dispensing ATM (automatic teller machine) or ‘cashpoint’. The first of these was put into use by Barclays Bank in Enfield, north London in 1967.

Habeas corpus is Latin for ‘you must present the person in court’. The Habeas Corpus Act guaranteed that no one could be held prisoner unlawfully. Every prisoner has a right to a court hearing.

Anne of Cleves was a German princess who married Henry VIII for political reasons.

The language spoken during the Iron Age was part of the Celtic language family.

One of the most famous battles of the Hundred Years War was the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, where King Henry V’s vastly outnumbered English army defeated the French. The English left France in the 1450s.

During the Middle Ages, people came to England from abroad to trade and also to work. Many had special skills, such as weavers from France, engineers from Germany, glass manufacturers from Italy and canal builders from Holland.

Henry VIII had six wives.

By 1400, in England, official documents were being written in English, and English had become the preferred language of the royal court and Parliament.

One of the tribal leaders who fought against the Romans was Boudicca, the queen of the Iceni in what is now eastern England.

Sir Christopher Cockrell (1910-99), a British inventor, invented the hovercraft in the 1950s.

Macbeth is a famous play by William Shakespeare.

In 1996, two British scientists, Sir Ian Wilmot (1944-) and Keith Campbell (1954-2012), led a team which was the first to succeed in cloning a mammal, Dolly the sheep.